JPEG only does one thing: lossy compression with a quality dial. WebP is genuinely two formats sharing one file extension. Lossy WebP works on the same basic idea as JPEG, predicting blocks of pixels from their neighbors and encoding only the difference, which is why a quality slider makes sense there too. Lossless WebP is a completely different algorithm built on spatial prediction, color transforms and backward-reference coding, the same family of techniques PNG uses, just implemented more efficiently. A single quality slider can't represent both of those honestly, which is why this tool asks which mode you want before showing you the relevant controls.
The practical difference shows up most clearly on graphics rather than photographs. A photo has continuous tone and natural texture, exactly what lossy compression is designed to exploit, so quality 80 on a landscape photo looks essentially identical to the original while cutting the file size dramatically. A logo has the opposite properties: flat colors, hard edges, and often text. Lossy compression handles that content poorly at any quality setting, introducing subtle color banding and soft edges that are much more noticeable on a simple graphic than they would be in a busy photograph. Lossless mode sidesteps the problem entirely by not discarding anything, and because WebP's lossless algorithm is more efficient than PNG's, you usually still come out ahead on file size.
The alpha channel has its own quality setting
A detail that catches a lot of people out: in lossy WebP, the alpha (transparency) channel is compressed separately from the RGB color data, with its own quality behavior entirely. An image can have colors that look completely fine while the transparent edges show visible softness or fringing, because the two channels were never compressed by the same rules to begin with. If you're working with a transparent PNG that needs to stay clean around its edges, the safest path is lossless mode, which compresses the alpha channel exactly rather than approximately.
Why maximum lossy quality still isn't the same as lossless
Pushing the lossy slider to 100 feels like it should be equivalent to lossless, since the file size gets close and the visible quality looks essentially perfect. It isn't the same thing. Lossy WebP at 100 percent still runs through the lossy encoding pipeline and still discards some information, it just discards very little. The output is typically bigger than a true lossless encode of the same image, and it still doesn't guarantee an exact pixel match. If exact fidelity is the actual goal, rather than just very high visual quality, use the lossless mode instead of maxing out the slider. If you're starting from an existing PNG and want to compare both paths directly, the PNG to WebP converter is worth trying alongside this tool.