You've filled out the form, written the cover letter, gathered the documents. Then you hit the photo upload field and get a generic error: "File size exceeds the maximum limit." No explanation of what the limit actually is. No suggestion for how to fix it. Just a red message and a blocked submission. This happens to thousands of people every day on job portals, government forms, and university admission systems, and most of them have no idea why.
The 100KB limit exists because these systems were often built on older infrastructure where database storage was expensive and upload processing was slow. The engineers who built them set conservative file size caps that made sense at the time, and those limits never got updated even as phone cameras went from 2 megapixels to 50. Your phone doesn't know you're about to upload to a government portal. It just saves the best photo it can, and that photo is almost always between 2MB and 8MB. That's 20 to 80 times over the limit before you've even started.
What your photo actually looks like at 100KB
This is the part that surprises people. A profile photo displayed at 200 by 200 pixels on a job portal needs very little data to look sharp. Even displayed at 400 by 400, a well-compressed 100KB JPEG is genuinely indistinguishable from a 3MB original. The quality loss only becomes visible at large print sizes or extreme digital zoom, neither of which any portal is doing with your photo.
The one situation where 100KB gets genuinely tight is a very high-resolution image with complex detail, like a scanned document or a photo taken in RAW mode. In those cases the tool will scale the dimensions down proportionally as well as compressing, which keeps the output clean rather than introducing blocky JPEG artifacts.
The iPhone problem that isn't actually about file size
If you're on an iPhone and your upload keeps failing even after you've tried to compress it, the issue might not be the file size at all. iPhones save photos in HEIC format by default, a format that most portals flat-out don't accept. The portal rejects it before it even checks the file size, and you get the same unhelpful error message either way.
The fix is to convert to JPEG first. This tool handles that automatically when you drop in a HEIC file. It converts and compresses in a single step and outputs a standard JPEG under 100KB. If you want to fix the format issue separately first, the HEIC to JPG converter handles that on its own. Either way, output as JPEG when submitting to official portals. It's the one format every system accepts without question.