JPEG compression works by discarding image data that the human eye is least likely to notice, mostly fine color variation rather than brightness detail, and by grouping pixels into small blocks that get encoded more efficiently when they're similar to their neighbors. The quality setting controls how aggressively that discarding happens. A higher number keeps more of the original detail, a lower number throws more away in exchange for a smaller file. That relationship is smooth and continuous, which is exactly what a slider is built for.
A target file size in kilobytes works well when you have an actual number handed to you, like a form that rejects anything over 100KB. But most of the time, people compressing a JPEG don't have a specific number in mind at all, they just want the file smaller without a visible quality hit. Forcing that decision through a KB target means the tool has to guess at a quality percentage on your behalf and search for it, when you could just set the quality directly and see the result immediately. That's the gap this tool fills alongside the target size tools elsewhere on the site.
Generation loss is the reason to always start from the original
JPEG is a lossy format, meaning some image data is permanently discarded every time a file is encoded. If you take a JPEG that has already been compressed once and run it through a compressor again, the encoder is working from data that's already missing some of the original detail, and it discards further data on top of that. Repeat the cycle a few times and the cumulative loss becomes visible, an effect commonly called generation loss. The fix is simple: always compress from the original photo, whether that's a camera file, a phone photo, or an uncompressed export, rather than re-running an already-compressed JPEG back through a compressor.
Why 100 percent quality still isn't lossless
It's a common assumption that setting quality to the maximum produces a perfect, lossless copy of the original. It doesn't, JPEG is a lossy format by design regardless of the quality setting, and even at 100 percent, a small amount of data is discarded during the block-based encoding process. The difference at that range is invisible to the eye but not mathematically zero. If you genuinely need a lossless result, a format like PNG is the right choice instead, and the JPG to PNG converter handles that conversion, though PNG files are typically much larger for photographic content.