The tool always tries quality reduction first, searching for the highest setting that still fits under 30KB. For a passport-style photo at full camera resolution, that search alone is sometimes enough. When it isn't, the tool steps the pixel dimensions down, roughly 75%, 50%, 35%, 25% and then 15% of the original size, re-running the quality search at each smaller size until it finds a combination that both fits 30KB and clears a minimum acceptable quality. Both the search and the dimension steps run in a background Web Worker, so the page stays responsive while it works through the attempts.
If you're starting from an iPhone photo, HEIC and HEIF files are accepted directly, no separate conversion needed, though you can use HEIC to JPG first if you'd rather inspect the converted file before compressing. PNG sources are accepted too, but the output is always JPEG or WebP, never PNG. If your PNG has a transparent background, keep an eye out for the transparency warning, JPEG will flatten it to a solid color unless you switch to WebP.
Once a result appears, changing the target size field or switching between JPEG and WebP recompresses automatically using the same cached image, no need to drop the file in again. That makes it easy to check whether 50KB gives a meaningfully better result, if your portal's stated limit turns out to allow it.